强流脉冲离子束技术在金属表面处理领域的研究进展

Research Progress of High-Intensity Pulsed Ion Beam Technology in Metal Surface Treatment

摘要:

强流脉冲离子束技术(High-intensity pulsed ion beam, HIPIB)通过纳秒级脉冲产生高能离子束，在金属表面引发瞬时热力学效应与应力波作用，实现精确的表面改性。近年来，该技术在金属表面处理领域得到了广泛的应用，并引起研究者的重视。但是，该技术目前存在，如束流参数与材料性能改变的定量关联尚未明确，多脉冲作用下的累积效应机制有待进一步探索，以及针对不同金属体系的辐照工艺缺乏系统优化的问题。为优化强流脉冲离子束技术工艺参数，从热力学效应、微观组织演变与宏观性能提升3个方面进行了分析，建立了束流参数与表面特性之间的定量关系，同时阐述了强流脉冲离子束技术对金属表面的影响机理。强流脉冲离子束技术在金属表面引发熔融、气化和烧蚀等现象，促使纳米晶、非晶相及其他非平衡相的形成，从而改变材料的微观组织和表面形貌，提高材料的硬度、耐磨性和耐腐蚀性，延长金属材料的使用寿命。未来研究应集中于多尺度热-力-化耦合模型的建立，通过离子种类与参数协同调控，实现纳米晶、非晶复合结构的精准构筑，并扩展至医疗、新能源等领域。推动强流脉冲离子束技术与人工智能的深度融合，为制造业的发展和创新提供技术支撑。

Abstract:

High-Intensity Pulsed Ion Beam （HIPIB） technology generates a high-energy ion beam through nanosecond pulse， inducing instantaneous thermodynamic effect and stress wave action on metal surface to achieve precise surface modification.In recent years，this technology has gained extensive applications and research attention in metal surface treatment. Current technical bottlenecks include the unclear quantitative correlation between ion beam parameters and changes in material properties， insufficient understanding of cumulative effect mechanisms under multi-pulse conditions， and a lack of systematic optimization across different metal systems. This study provided theoretical support for optimizing HIPIB process parameters and extending its engineering applications. The influence mechanisms of HIPIB technology on metal surfaces were comprehensively reviewed. Quantitative relationships between beam parameters and surface properties were established by analyzing thermodynamic effects， microstructure evolution， and macroscopic performance enhancements. The technology induces melting， vaporization， and ablation on metal surfaces while promoting the formation of nanocrystalline and amorphous non-equilibrium phases. These microstructural and topographical modifications improve material hardness， wear resistance， and corrosion resistance， ultimately extending service life. Future research should prioritize developing multi-scale thermal-mechanical-chemical coupling models， achieving controlled synthesis of nanocrystalline/amorphous composite structures through ion parameter optimization， and expanding applications in medical and renewable energy fields. Finally， integrating HIPIB technology with artificial intelligence will advance manufacturing innovations.