碳化硼及其复合陶瓷润滑条件下摩擦学研究进展

Advance in Investigation on Tribology of Boron Carbide and Its Composite Ceramics under Lubrication Conditions

摘要:

碳化硼因高硬度、低密度和优异的耐磨性能，成为旋转或移动耐磨元件的潜在候选材料。在实际工程应用中，碳化硼及其复合陶瓷常在流体润滑条件下工作，其摩擦和磨损行为显著不同于干摩擦条件下的表现。因此，研究碳化硼及其复合陶瓷在润滑条件下的摩擦学性能及机理，对于其研发和性能优化具有重要意义。首先从摩擦化学反应、斯特里贝克曲线、水润滑机理、第二相种类及含量、润滑剂种类及润滑方式等方面，对碳化硼及其复合陶瓷在润滑条件下的摩擦学性能与机理进行了总结。研究表明，在水润滑条件下，碳化硼及其复合陶瓷会发生摩擦化学反应，且其反应受载荷、滑动速度、水温及对磨体材料等因素的影响。与单相碳化硼陶瓷不同，碳化硼-碳化硅复合陶瓷的斯特里贝克曲线呈现出明显的边界润滑区域。尽管非氧化物陶瓷在水润滑条件下的低摩擦机理仍存在争议，但流体动压润滑与摩擦化学反应的协同作用是碳化硼及其复合陶瓷在水中滑动时实现低摩擦的关键。第二相的种类及含量通过改变摩擦化学反应及陶瓷表面物理形貌，可对润滑条件下的摩擦学性能产生显著影响。润滑剂种类通过粘度差异或钝化碳质表面能力的不同影响碳化硼及其复合陶瓷的摩擦学行为，而润滑方式的变化也对其摩擦学性能具有重要作用。最后，对碳化硼及其复合陶瓷在润滑条件下摩擦学的研究发展方向进行了展望。

Abstract:

Boron carbide， known for its high hardness， low density， and excellent wear resistance， is a promising material for wear-resistant components， particularly those that are rotating or in motion. In practical applications， boron carbide and its composite ceramics often experience friction and wear under fluid lubrication conditions. The presence of lubricants significantly alters their friction and wear behaviors compared to dry friction conditions. Understanding the tribological properties and mechanisms of boron carbide and its composite ceramics under lubrication conditions is crucial for advancing their development and optimizing their performance. Based on the research results， this review summarizes the tribological properties and mechanisms of boron carbide and its composite ceramics under lubrication conditions. Key aspects include tribochemical reactions， Stribeck curve， water lubrication mechanism， type and content of second phase， lubricant type and lubrication mode. Under water lubrication conditions， boron carbide and its composite ceramics undergo tribochemical reactions influenced by factors such as load， sliding speed， water temperature， and counterpart materials. Unlike single-phase boron carbide ceramics， the Stribeck curve of boron carbide-silicon carbide composite ceramics exhibits a distinct boundary lubrication region. Although the low friction mechanism of non-oxide ceramics sliding in water remains a topic of debate， this study posits that the combination of hydrodynamic lubrication and tribochemical reactions is central to achieving low friction in boron carbide and its composite ceramics. The type and content of second phases significantly affect the tribological properties of boron carbide based composite ceramics under lubrication conditions. Second phases influence the friction and wear behaviors not only through tribochemical reactions but also by altering the physical morphology of the ceramic surface. The choice of lubricants impacts the tribological properties via differences in viscosity or the ability to passivate carbonaceous surfaces. Moreover， different lubrication modes yield varying effects on the tribological performance of boron carbide and its composite ceramics. Lastly， the review highlights future research directions and development prospects for the tribology of boron carbide and its composite ceramics under lubrication conditions.