环氧树脂潜伏型固化剂研究进展

Progress in Latent Curing Agent for Epoxy Resin

摘要:

环氧树脂是一种重要的热固性树脂，其具有优异的力学性能、电绝缘性、附着力、耐热性、耐腐蚀性和极低的固化收缩率，被广泛应用于航空航天、汽车、电子和建筑等领域。固化剂在环氧树脂材料中起着关键作用，不仅决定环氧树脂固化行为，还直接影响最终产品的性能。传统的双组分环氧树脂体系活性固化剂，在常温下易与环氧树脂发生反应，因此需将二者分开存放，导致储存和使用不便。相比之下，单组份环氧树脂体系中的潜伏型固化剂具有优异的储存稳定性，这不仅拓宽了环氧树脂的应用领域，而且还具备使用便捷、绿色环保、易于批量生产等优势，近年来受到广泛关注。环氧树脂固化机理依赖于环氧基与固化剂的反应，降低固化速率的关键在于显著降低固化剂的活性，这也是延长单组分环氧树脂保质期的有效方法之一。目前，潜伏性的固化剂的研究主要集中于降低显在型固化剂在常温下的固化活性方面，以实现低温潜伏、高温固化的目标。因此，对双氰胺、脂肪族多胺类、芳香族多胺类和咪唑类潜伏型固化剂的最新研究进展进行了总结和归纳，重点分析了物理改性和化学改性的方法，指出了单组份环氧树脂体系亟待解决的问题，同时对其未来的发展方向进行了展望。

Abstract:

Epoxy resins are vital thermosetting materials known for their excellent mechanical properties， electrical insulation， adhesion， heat resistance， corrosion resistance， and minimal curing shrinkage. Thees attributes have enabled their widespread application across diverse industries， including aerospace， automotive， electronics， and construction. The curing agent plays a crucial role in epoxy resin systems， influencing not only the curing behavior， but also the ultimate performance of the material. In conventional two-component epoxy resin systems， active curing agents react with epoxy resin at room temperature， necessitating storage of the components and leading wo logistical challenges. In contrast， latent curing agents in single-component epoxy resin systems offer extended storage stability when mixed with epoxy resin. This feature broadens the application scope of epoxy resin while providing advantages such as ease of use， environmental friendliness， and suitability for large-scale production， garnering significant interest in recent years. The curing mechanism of epoxy resin relies on the reaction between epoxy group and curing agents. Consequently， reducing the curing rate involves substantially lowering the activity of the curing agent， a key approach to extending the shelf life of single-component epoxy resin systems. This review explores recent advancements in latent curing agents， focusing on dicyandiamide， aliphatic polyamines， aromatic polyamines， and imidazoles， emphasizingboth physical and chemical modification strategies. It also identifies critical challenges facing single-component systems and discuss potential directions for future research and development in this field.