雷达和红外隐身材料的最新研究进展及挑战

The Latest Advancements and Challenges in Radar and Infrared Stealth Materials

摘要:

随着探测技术和无线通信的迅速发展，隐身技术作为对抗敌方侦测的有效手段，已广泛应用于军事领域。雷达隐身和红外隐身材料的研究现已成为提升军用装备生存能力的关键方向，因此对这两类材料的最新研究进展进行了系统地总结，旨在为相关领域的研究者提供全面的参考。雷达隐身材料的主要目标，是通过降低雷达散射截面积，从而降低目标被雷达探测的可能性。研究表明，通过成分调控、结构设计等多种手段可以显著提高材料的微波吸收性能，尤其是不同材料的组合与复合方式（如纳米结构的引入和核壳结构的设计）在提升电磁波的吸收方面表现出良好的效果。此外，材料电磁参数与微波频率的匹配性是进一步提升隐身效果的关键因素。红外隐身材料则主要通过降低目标的红外辐射能量，从而有效屏蔽红外探测信号，其性能可通过控制表面温度和降低红外反射率得已优化。研究表明，多孔材料和涂层技术在广泛的红外波段内能实现显著的隐身效果。基于吸收光谱对隐身材料进行分类，讨论了用于微波频段的雷达隐身材料和用于红外频段的红外隐身材料，以及雷达-红外兼容隐身材料的最新研究进展，并对该领域的主要挑战和未来的研究机遇进行了展望。通过对雷达和红外隐身材料研究前沿的探讨，揭示了其在现代军事中的重要性。随着材料科学和纳米技术的不断发展，这些隐身材料的性能有望进一步提升，从而为军事和民用领域的隐身技术创新奠定坚实基础。（专精特新·电磁波吸收与屏蔽用新型材料的研究进展专辑十二之二）

Abstract:

With advancements in detection technologies and wireless communications， stealth technology has become a critical for countering enemy surveillance. Research on radar stealth and infrared stealth materials has emerged as a focal point for enhancing the survivability of military equipment. This paper systematically reviews the recent research progress in these materials， aiming to provide a comprehensive reference for researchers in related fields. The primary objective of radar stealth materials is to minimize a target’s radar cross-section， thereby reducing the likelihood of detection by radar. Studies indicate that the microwave absorption performance of materials can be significantly enhanced through techniques such as component regulation and structural design. Approaches involving material combination， including nanostructures and core-shell structures， have proven effective in augmenting electromagnetic waves absorption. Furthermore， optimizing the compatibility of electromagnetic parameters with microwave frequencies is essential for improving stealth efficacy. Infrared stealth materials， on the other hand， aim to reduce infrared radiation from targets to shield them from infrared detection. By controlling surface temperature and reducing infrared reflectivity， the performance of infrared stealth materials has been further optimized. Research indicates that porous materials and advanced coatings can achieve significant stealth effects across a wide range of infrared wavelengths. This paper categorizes stealth materials by absorption spectrum， covering radar stealth materials for the microwave range， infrared stealth materials for the infrared range， and the progress on radar-infrared compatible stealth materials. Finally， this paper discusses the field’s key challenges and future research opportunities. In summary， this paper provides an in-depth discussion of radar and infrared stealth materials， revealing their importance in modern military applications. As materials science and nanotechnology continue to advance， the performance of these stealth materials is expected to be further enhanced， bolstering innovation in stealth technologies for both military and civilian applications.