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磷酸酯类非易燃电解质调控钠离子电池性能的研究进展
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暨南大学物理学系/思源实验室/广州市真空镀膜技术与新能源材料重点实验室/广东省真空镀膜技术与新材料工程技术研究中心,广东 广州 510632

作者简介:

王泷,硕士研究生,研究方向为钠金属电池非易燃电解液。Email: 304279929@qq.com。

通讯作者:

黎晋良,博士,副研究员,研究方向为碱金属离子电池。Email: lijinliang@email.jnu.edu.cn。

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Research Progress on Phosphate-Based Non-Flammable Electrolytes for Sodium-Ion Batteries
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Siyuan Laboratory/Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials/Guang-dong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Materials/De-partment of Physics, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China

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    摘要:

    随着钠离子电池技术的不断发展,电池的能量密度显著提高,推动了移动电子设备、储能系统和电动汽车等领域的创新。然而,电池的安全性,尤其是高能量密度电池的安全性,成为了亟需解决的问题。近年来,随着储能电站和电动汽车的普及,由电池热失控引发的火灾事件屡见报道,进一步加强了社会对电池安全的关注。电池热失控通常源于电池内部电解质与电极材料的化学反应,尤其是在极端操作条件下,易燃的电解质和电极材料可能发生剧烈的放热反应并释放气体,从而引发电池热失控,导致火灾甚至爆炸。为解决这一安全隐患,研究人员提出了多种改善方案,其中最瞩目的方案之一是采用不可燃液体电解质。为此,磷酸酯类非易燃电解质备受关注,近年来在电池领域中的应用研究取得了显著进展。磷酸酯类电解质不仅具有较高的热稳定性、宽的电化学窗口和较低的蒸气压,而且还在高温条件下展现出良好的安全性,且对电池循环性能的负面影响较小,甚至在某些情况下可提升电池的整体性能。因此,对磷酸酯类非易燃电解质在钠离子电池领域的应用现状进行深入探讨,重点梳理了其在提升电池安全性方面的优势。通过对磷酸酯类非易燃电解质的物理化学性质、电化学性能及其与电极材料的相容性进行详细分析,总结了磷酸酯类电解质在钠离子电池中的作用,并提出了优化电解质组成、改善电解质与电极材料的界面相容性、提高电解质的热稳定性的策略。通过采用磷酸酯类添加剂或结合磷酸酯类非易燃溶剂的方式,能够有效提升钠离子电池的热稳定性,拓宽电池的工作温度范围,为在商业化储能应用中钠离子电池安全性的提升提供重要支持。

    Abstract:

    As Na-ion battery (NIB) technology continue to advance, significant improvements in energy density have been achieved. This progress has driven innovation in fields such as portable electronics, energy storage systems, and electric vehicles, while also underscoring the increasing importance of battery safety. In recent years, with the development of energy storage stations and electric vehicles, incidents of fires caused by thermal runaway in batteries have become more frequent, raising widespread societal concerns. The primary cause of thermal runaway is often linked to chemical reactions between electrolyte and electrode materials, especially under harsh operating conditions where flammable electrolytes and electrode materials can undergo exothermic reactions, producing gases that trigger thermal runaway, leading to fires or even explosions. To address this safety hazard, various strategies have been proposed, with non-flammable liquid electrolytes being one of the most promising solutions. Among them, phosphate ester-based non-flammable electrolytes have garnered significant attention in recent years. These electrolytes exhibit high thermal stability, a wide electrochemical window, and low vapor pressure, contributing to enhanced safety under high-temperature conditions and minimal negative impact on battery cycling performance, with some cases showing improvements in overall battery performance. In this review, we delve into the current state of phosphate ester-based non-flammable electrolytes in NIBs, emphasizing their advantages in enhancing battery safety. Through a detailed analysis of the physicochemical properties, electrochemical performance, and compatibility with electrode materials, we summarize their role in NIBs. Additionally, we discuss strategies for optimizing electrolyte composition, improving electrolyte-electrode material interfacial compatibility, and enhancing thermal stability, all of which can further improve the performance of phosphate ester non-flammable electrolytes in NIBs. We conclude that careful regulation and design of phosphate ester electrolytes hold great potential to reduce the risk of thermal runaway in NIBs, thereby significantly enhancing the safety of batteries and providing valuable insights for the development of high-safety NIBs.

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王泷,胡郑,李志斌,黎晋良.磷酸酯类非易燃电解质调控钠离子电池性能的研究进展[J].材料研究与应用,2024,18(6):890-900.

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  • 收稿日期:2024-10-25
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  • 在线发布日期: 2024-12-23
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