金属有机框架及其复合材料在葡萄糖无酶电化学传感器中的应用

Application of Metal-Organic Framework and Its Composites in Non-Enzymatic Glucose Electrochemical Sensor

摘要:

糖尿病是全球发病率上升最快的慢性病之一，有效监测糖尿病患者的血糖水平对于糖尿病的控制与治疗至关重要。电化学方法作为众多血糖监测技术中的一种，因其简便性、快速响应和高灵敏度而受到青睐。传统的贵金属材料具有独特的物理化学性质，在葡萄糖检测中表现出良好的传感能力，但高昂的成本阻碍了其用作基础电化学传感材料。相较而言，过渡金属在自然界中储备量大、化学性质稳定、制备工艺简单，因此在葡萄糖传感领域中表现出一定的应用潜力，现已成为主流的研究方向。金属有机框架（MOF）是由过渡金属离子和有机配体组成的多孔配位聚合物，其独特的结构多样性、高比表面积和生物相容性，使其在传感器领域中表现出巨大的潜力。特别是，近年来通过对MOF进行调节，如合成双金属MOF、MOF与导电材料相复合等，提高MOF及其复合材料的电化学活性，实现在无酶参与情况下对葡萄糖的电催化氧化，这在无酶传感器的研发中尤为重要。总结了近年来MOF及其复合材料在葡萄糖无酶传感器中的应用，包括单金属MOF、双金属MOF、MOF与金属相复合材料、MOF与碳材料相复合材料等。阐述了MOF及其复合材料检测葡萄糖的机理，讨论了各类MOF基葡萄糖传感器的优缺点。最后，指出了MOF葡萄糖无酶传感器材料存在的问题，同时对MOF在未来葡萄糖无酶传感器中的发展作出了展望。

Abstract:

Diabetes is one of the most rapidly rising chronic diseases worldwide. Effective monitoring of blood glucose in diabetic patients is crucial for the control and treatment of diabetes. As one of the many blood glucose monitoring techniques， electrochemical methods are favored for their simplicity， rapid response， and high sensitivity. Traditional precious metal materials have unique physical and chemical properties， demonstrating excellent sensing capabilities in glucose detection. However， their high cost limits their development as basic electrochemical sensing materials. Compared to precious metals， transition metals have large reserves in nature， stable chemical properties， and simple preparation processes， making them promising in glucose sensing and becoming a mainstream research direction. Metal organic frameworks （MOFs） are porous coordination polymers composed of transition metal ions and organic ligands. Their unique structural diversity， high specific surface area， and biocompatibility make them highly promising in the field of sensors. In particular， in recent years， scientific researchers have improved the electrochemical activity of MOFs and their composite materials by regulating MOFs， such as synthesizing bimetallic MOFs and combining MOFs with conductive materials， to achieve electrocatalytic oxidation of glucose without enzyme involvement. This is particularly important in the development of enzyme free sensors. This article mainly summarizes the applications of MOFs and their composite materials in glucose enzyme free sensors in recent years， including single metal MOFs， bimetallic MOFs， MOF-metal composites， and MOF-carbon composites. It elaborates on the mechanism of detecting glucose with MOFs and their composites， and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of various MOF based glucose sensors. Finally， this article also raises the issue of MOF glucose enzyme free sensor materials and looks forward to the development of MOFs in glucose enzyme free sensors in the future.