纤维增强树脂基复合材料的纤维回收方法研究进展

Research Progress on Fibre Recycling Methods of Fibre-Reinforced Polymer Composites

摘要:

纤维增强树脂基复合材料（FRPCs）凭借轻质高强、耐蚀耐热等优点，在航空航天、交通运输等领域中得到广泛地应用，且使用规模逐年扩大。然而，在碳中和与碳达峰政策背景下，大量退役和废弃的复合材料造成了日益严峻的资源浪费及堆积，同时还存在回收处理方式复杂及困难、回收产品附加值低等难题。目前，FRPCs纤维回收行业的主要需求在于更高效的回收方法来提高产业效率，以及更好地保留纤维性能以提升再利用价值方面。在FRPCs利用量持续增长的现状下，建立完善的废弃FRPCs纤维回收再利用方法体系对环境和经济效益具有重大的意义。聚焦机械破碎、热裂解、化学降解3种纤维回收方法，从技术原理、工艺路线等方面，分别分析及对比了各种方法的效率、环境效益及产物特性，结果表明：机械回收操作简便，但存在回收纤维性能差、污染大等问题；化学回收可实现纤维原态回收，但反应条件要求严格、适用面窄，尚处于实验室探索阶段；热解回收具有规模大、能耗低、成熟度高等优点，成为了目前纤维回收的主流方法及研究重点。最后，对复合材料纤维高效回收的技术路线、回收装备、再生产品性能调控及其应用前景进行了总结与展望。

Abstract:

Fiber reinforced polymer composites （FRPCs） have been widely used in aerospace，transportation and other fields due to their advantages of lightweight， high strength， corrosion resistance and heat resistance， and the scale of use is expanding year by year. However， under the background of carbon neutral and carbon peak policy， a large number of decommissioned and discarded composites have resulted in an increasingly serious waste and accumulation of resources and there are problems such as complexity and difficulty of recycling and processing and low value-added of recycled products. The main demand for the FRPCs fiber recycling industry lies in the need for more efficient recycling methods to improve industrial efficiency and better retention of fiber performance to enhance its reuse values. Under the current situation of continuous growth of FRPCs utilization， it is of great environmental and economic benefits to establish a perfect method system for recycling and reusing waste FRPCs fibers. This paper focuses on three fibre recycling methods， namely mechanical recycling， pyrolysis recycling and chemical recycling， the efficiency， environmental benefits and products of various methods were analyzed and compared from the aspects of technical principle， process route and product characteristics. Among them， mechanical recycling is easy to operate， but there are problems such as poor performance of recycled fibres and high pollution； chemical recycling can achieve in-situ recovery of fibres， but it is still in the stage of laboratory exploration due to strict requirements on reaction conditions and narrow applicability； pyrolysis recycling has the advantages of large scale， low energy consumption and high maturity， and it has become the mainstream method of fibre recycling and the focus of the research at present. In recent years， the research on fiber recovery methods has been developed and scale to a certain extent， and the demand will continue in the future. Finally， the technical route， recycling equipment， performance regulation of recycled products and their application prospects for efficient recycling of composite fibres are summarized and prospected.