热塑性夹芯结构复合材料制造及改性工艺研究进展

Research Progress in Manufacturing and Modification Processes of Thermoplastic Sandwich Structural Composites

摘要:

夹芯结构复合材料因具有轻质、高强、抗冲击及设计灵活性等特点，在航空航天、新能源汽车制造等领域中表现出优异的应用前景。以热塑性复合材料为原材料的热塑性夹芯结构复合材料具有设计灵活、方便、易成型和生产效率高，以及优异的刚性和抗冲击性能等优势，符合未来绿色制造的发展趋势，已成为复合材料领域中实现结构轻量化的研究热点。然而，热塑性夹芯结构复合材料在实际应用过程中常出现纤维断裂、分层或脱粘等问题，因此需对制造工艺进行探索。目前，热塑性夹芯结构复合材料制造工艺的开发主要着眼于结构功能一体化设计，以及更大发挥热塑性复合材料的抗疲劳、耐腐蚀和抗热性能等方面。针对热塑性夹芯结构复合材料的制造工艺，重点介绍了热压成型、3D打印和折叠法，通过对比热塑性夹芯结构复合材料的力学性能和破坏模式，分析了这些制造工艺的优缺点，并且展望了这3种制备工艺的未来发展趋势和应用前景。为进一步提高热塑性复合材料的综合性能，总结了增强增韧改性处理及面/芯界面增强对热塑性夹芯结构复合材料性能的影响，特别是吸能和抗冲击性能。为优化热塑性夹芯结构复合材料的制造工艺，提高结构材料的性能及新型轻量化结构设计，提供了有益参考。

Abstract:

Sandwich structured composite materials have shown excellent application prospects in fields such as aerospace and new energy vehicle manufacturing due to their lightweight， high strength， impact resistance， and design flexibility. In recent years， thermoplastic sandwich structure composite materials made from thermoplastic composite materials have met the development trend of future green manufacturing. They not only have the advantages of flexible design， convenience， easy molding， and high production efficiency， but also have excellent rigidity and impact resistance. Therefore， they have become a research hotspot in the field of composite materials to achieve structural lightweight. In the face of common defects such as fiber fracture， delamination， or debonding in the practical application of thermoplastic sandwich structure composite materials， the current development of manufacturing processes for thermoplastic sandwich structure composite materials focuses on integrated design of structural functions and maximizing the fatigue resistance， corrosion resistance， and thermal performance of thermoplastic composite materials. This article focuses on the manufacturing processes of thermoplastic sandwich structure composite materials from three aspects： hot pressing， 3D printing， and folding manufacturing. By comparing their mechanical properties and failure modes， the advantages and disadvantages of these manufacturing processes are analyzed， and the future development trends and application prospects of these three manufacturing processes are discussed. Secondly， in order to further improve the comprehensive performance of thermoplastic composite materials， the influence of reinforcement and toughening modification on the properties of thermoplastic sandwich structure composite materials， especially their energy absorption and impact resistance， was summarized. Finally， the influence of surface/core interface reinforcement processes on the properties of thermoplastic sandwich structure composites was reviewed， providing useful references for improving the manufacturing process and structural performance of thermoplastic sandwich structure composites， as well as designing new lightweight structures for transportation vehicles.