低碳节能背景下有机气凝胶的发展及应用

Development and Application of Organic Aerogel in the Context of Low Carbon Energy Conservation

摘要:

随着低碳节能可持续发展主题的提出，能源和环境问题逐渐在科研和工业领域中成为被关注的焦点。在实现节能减排和解决环保问题过程中，具备可再生性和环境友好性的材料显得尤为重要。气凝胶作为一种具有三维连续网络结构、比表面积大、孔隙率高和导热系数低等结构功能特性，以及多样的制备方法和种类的纳米材料，成为备受瞩目的新型材料之一。其中，有机气凝胶由于轻质、高比表面和易合成等独特性能，在保温隔热、阻燃、吸附和储能电容等领域中具有广泛的应用前景。从有机气凝胶的主要分类（多糖气凝胶、合成气凝胶等）出发，论述了近年来报道的几种典型有机气凝胶的研究热点、常见制备方法、基础材料性能、功能化改性及其应用研究现状。总结了气凝胶制备过程中，湿凝胶的制备方法和不同的干燥工艺的特性。同时，简要介绍了当前有机气凝胶不同的功能化改性方法，并探讨了在制备过程中可能存在的问题。归纳总结了不同改性制备工艺，所得的有机气凝胶在实际应用中适用的场景和应用方向。展望了有机气凝胶的未来发展方向，强调了进一步提高材料性能、优化制备工艺及拓展应用领域的重要性。希望通过对有机气凝胶研究的深入，推动其在可持续发展领域中更广泛地应用，为环境友好型材料的发展做出更大的贡献。

Abstract:

Since the advent of the sustainable development era， energy conservation and environmental issues have increasingly garnered attention from the scientific research community and industry. Renewable and eco-friendly materials play a crucial role in achieving emission reduction and addressing environmental challenges. Aerogels， characterized by their three-dimensional continuous network structure， large specific surface area， high porosity and low thermal conductivity come in various types with diverse preparation methods， has become one of the new materials. Among them， organic aerogels stand out due to their distinctive features such as lightweight， high specific surface area， and high porosity， presenting broad applications in thermal insulation， flame retardancy， adsorption， and energy storage capacitance. This paper based on the main classification of organic aerogels （polysaccharide aerogels， synthetic aerogels， etc.）， provides a comprehensive review of the research focal points， preparation methods， material properties， functional modifications and current application status of several organic aerogels reported in recent years. The preparation methods of wet gels and the characteristics of different drying processes in the preparation of aerogel were summarized. Meanwhile， briefly outlines the diverse methods for functionalizing and modifying current organic aerogels， and the application scenarios and directions of organic aerogel obtained by different modified preparation processes in practical applications were summarized. Finally， prospered the future development direction of organic aerogel， and emphasized the importance of further improving the material properties， optimizing the preparation process and expanding the application field. It is hoped that the in-depth study of organic aerogel will promote its wider application in the field of sustainable development and make greater contributions to the development of environmentally friendly materials.