沥青质衍生新型碳材料的研究进展

Review of Asphaltene-Derived Value Added Novel Carbon Materials

摘要:

沥青质是原油中最重的组分，是一种年产量约百万吨的低成本炼油副产品。沥青质具有高分子量、高含碳量、高芳香度的特点，同时非常易于交联和聚合，是生产新型碳材料如碳纤维、活性炭、石墨烯和碳纳米管的潜在材料。然而，沥青质目前几乎没有真正的市场应用价值，除了部分被用作铺路材料外，通常作为炼油副产品被当作废物处理掉，不仅造成了巨大的资源浪费，而且对环境造成了严重的损害。在循环经济和碳中和的背景下，如何创新沥青质材料的应用，变废为宝，成为急需解决的问题。综述了沥青质基新型碳材料的研究现状，讨论了沥青质作为生产新型碳材料原料存在的优势和困难。最后，对沥青质基新型碳材料大规模生产的未来研究方向进行了展望，为沥青质高价值的利用提供了解决方案，有助于推动其工业化大规模应用。

Abstract:

Asphaltene， the heaviest component of crude oil， is a low-cost （about $0.05/b） refining byproduct with an annual production of about one million tons. Asphaltene is characterized by high molecular weight， high carbon content， and high aromaticity. Moreover， asphaltene is a potential candidate for the production of new carbon materials such as carbon fiber， activated carbon， graphene， and carbon nanotubes， as well as being very easy to cross-link and polymerize. However， asphaltene currently has little real market value. Apart from being used partly as a paving material， asphaltene is often disposed of as waste as a by-product of oil refining. This not only caused a huge waste of resources but also caused serious harmful effects on the environment. In the context of circular economy and carbon neutrality， how to find innovative applications for asphaltene materials and turning waste into treasure has become a key issue. To achieve this goal， this article reviews the current research status of asphaltene-derived new carbon materials and discusses the advantages and challenges of asphaltene as raw materials for the production of new carbon materials. Finally， the future research direction of large-scale production of asphaltene-based carbon materials is proposed. This work provides insights into the high-value utilization of asphaltene， which will help bring this valuable waste to new markets.