金属基体表面超疏水涂层材料的制备及应用 研究进展

Research Progress on the Preparation and Application of Superhydrophobic Coating Materials on Metal Substrate Surface

摘要:

金属材料因具有优异的综合力学性能，广泛应用于国防军工、工业装备制造等领域中。由于应用环境复杂多变，金属基体材料很容易受到外界环境的影响而发生表面腐蚀和结冰等问题，从而导致关键装备的功能显著下降甚至失效。为解决上述问题，国内外科研人员研发了在金属基体表面沉积超疏水涂层。由于超疏水涂层材料表面通常具有水接触角超过150°和滚动角低于10°的特殊润湿表面特性，要达到超疏水性能，一般需要具备微纳米粗糙结构和低表面能物质修饰两个条件。首先，介绍了制备超疏水涂层材料的常用方法，包括喷涂法、刻蚀法、模板法、沉积法等，并对主要优缺点进行了探讨。然后，在不同制备方法的基础上，进一步探讨了超疏水涂层在防结冰、防腐蚀、减阻、自清洁等领域中有效应用。最后，总结了近年来超疏水涂层材料技术的研究进展，并对未来超疏水涂层材料的研发方向进行了展望。这些研究成果为金属材料在复杂多变的应用环境中提供了更可靠的保护措施，有望提升关键装备的性能和寿命。

Abstract:

Metal materials find extensive applications in the fields of national defense， military industry and industrial equipment manufacturing due to their outstanding mechanical properties. However， the complex and dynamic application environment exposes metal matrix materials to the risk of surface corrosion and icing， leading to a significant reduction in the functionality of key equipment or even complete failure. Nevertheless， the application status can be substantially enhanced by applying superhydrophobic coatings to the surface of metal matrices， garnering considerable attention from both domestic and international researchers. Superhydrophobic coating materials typically feature a specialized wetting surface with a water contact angle exceeding 150 ° and a rolling angle less than 10 °. Achieving superhydrophobic properties generally requires the presence of two conditions to： a micro-nano rough structure and modification with low-surface-energy materials. This paper begins by introducingthe common methods for preparing superhydrophobic coating materials， along with their primary advantages and disadvantages.， These methods include spraying， etching， template-based approach and deposition. Subsequently， based on various preparation methods， the paper explored effective application of superhydrophobic coatings in diverse areas such as anti-icing， anti-corrosion， drag reduction and self-cleaning. The research progress in superhydrophobic coating material technology over recent years is then summarized. Finally， the paper offers a prospective outlook on the future research and development of superhydrophobic coating materials.