超细晶/纳米晶钨材料制备技术的研究进展

Research Progress in the Preparation Technology of Ultrafine/Nanocrystalline Tungsten Materials

摘要:

晶粒细化可显著提高超细晶/纳米晶钨材料的性能，介绍了超细晶/纳米晶钨材料制备技术的最新研究进展，包括粉末冶金法和深度塑性变形法，粉末冶金法的烧结工艺主要包括热等静压烧结、超高压通电烧结、放电等离子体烧结、微波烧结等；深度塑性变形法包括高压扭转、等通道挤压、表面机械研磨处理和累积轧制等。由于超细晶/纳米晶钨材料存在大量的晶界可有效提高材料的力学性能和抗辐照性能，因此有望解决纯钨材料作为核聚变堆面向等离子体材料存在的问题，对超细晶/纳米晶钨材料的发展提出了建议。

Abstract:

Refining the grains can significantly improve the properties of ultrafine/nanocrystalline tungsten materials， and this paper introduces the latest research progress in the preparation technology of ultra-fine/nanocrystalline tungsten materials， including powder metallurgy method and severe plastic deformation method. The sintering process of powder metallurgy mainly includes hot isostatic pressing sintering， resistance sintering under ultrahigh pressure， spark plasma sintering， microwave sintering， etc.， and severe plastic deformation method includes high pressure torsion， equal channel angular extrusion， surface mechanical attrition treatment and accumulative roll bonding， etc. Ultra-fine/nanocrystalline tungsten materials can effectively improve the mechanical properties and irradiation resistance of materials due to its large number of grain boundaries， which is expected to solve the problems of pure tungsten materials as plasma-facing materials in fusion reactors， and some suggestions for the development of ultrafine/nanocrystalline tungsten materials are proposed.