Magnéli相亚氧化钛陶瓷的制备及其应用研究进展

Research Progress on the Preparation and Application of Magnéli Phase Titanium Suboxide Ceramics

摘要:

Magnéli相亚氧化钛是一系列非化学计量比氧化钛的统称，主要包括Ti₄O₇、Ti₅O₉、Ti₆O₁₁和Ti₈O₁₅等相，其中以Ti₄O₇的导电性最好，其理论电导率可达1 500 S·cm^-1，约为石墨的二倍。此外，Magnéli相亚氧化钛在强酸、强碱环境中均表现出极强的耐蚀性能，并且能够在水溶液中保持3.0 V以上的稳定电位窗口。Magnéli相亚氧化钛优异的性能使其在化学电源如铅蓄电池、液流电池、锂硫电池、可再生燃料电池，电解水的催化剂载体，热电及光电材料，光催化制氢以及电催化氧化降解有机污染物等领域中展现出良好的应用前景。目前，科研人员已经开发出一系列制备亚氧化钛的方法。但是在高纯度、单相、纳米或亚微米尺度亚氧化钛粉体，大尺寸的一体式亚氧化钛电极和金属基亚氧化钛涂层电极的规模化生产和应用中依然存在许多问题，限制了亚氧化钛系列产品在上述领域中的广泛应用。基于Magnéli相亚氧化钛陶瓷的固有特性，重点介绍了亚氧化钛粉体、一体式电极和涂层电极的制备方法及应用现状，同时对亚氧化钛相关材料的应用前景进行了简要概述，为科研院所及相关企业提供了参考依据、研究思路和解决办法。

Abstract:

Magnéli phase titanium suboxides are a series of non-stoichiometric titanium oxides， which include Ti₄O₇， Ti₅O₉， Ti₆O₁₁， and Ti₈O₁₅. Among them， Ti₄O₇ exhibits the most exceptional electrical conductivity， reaching a theoretical value of up to 1 500 S·cm^-1， approximately twice that of graphite. Moreover， Magnéli phase titanium suboxides demonstrate very robust corrosion resistance in both strong acid and alkali environments while maintaining a stable potential range above 3.0 V. These properties make them promising materials in various fields such as chemical power sources like lead-acid batteries， flow batteries， lithium-sulfur batteries， and renewable fuel cell， catalytic carriers for electrolyzing water， thermoelectric and optoelectronic materials， photocatalytic hydrogen production， and electrocatalytic oxidation and degradation of organic pollutants. Up to now， researchers have developed multiple methods for titanium suboxides. However， there are still challenges related to producing high-purity， single-phase， nano- or sub-micron-scale powders， large-sized bulk electrodes， and metal-based coating electrodes， which have limited the wide application of the titanium suboxide series products in the above-mentioned fields. Accordingly， this paper focuses on the preparation methods and application status of titanium suboxide powders， integrated electrodes， and coating electrodes， summarizing prospects for related materials. It provides research institutes and enterprises with reference， research ideas， and solutions based on the inherent characteristics of Magnéli phase titanium suboxide ceramics.