环保型多孔陶瓷制备及其性能研究

Research on the Preparation and Performance of Environmentally Friendly Porous Ceramics

摘要:

以建筑废弃物为主要原料、氧化铝为补充铝源、氟化铝为晶须催化剂、氧化硼为烧结助剂、玉米淀粉为造孔剂，采用添加造孔剂法和原位晶须生成法制备具有高孔隙率、高机械强度的多孔结构整体式陶瓷载体。通过浸渍工艺使多孔陶瓷负载钯基催化剂，探究氟化铝及氧化硼含量对其晶相、微观结构、开口孔隙率、抗折强度等性能的影响，同时研究负载催化剂后处理亚甲基蓝模拟废水的可行性。结果表明：在原料中建筑废弃物含量（质量分数）为40%、氧化铝为44 %、氟化铝为13%、氧化硼为3%，造孔剂添加量（质量分数）为上述无机粉体10%，烧结温度1 150 ℃、保温120 min条件下，所制得的多孔陶瓷性能最佳，开口孔隙率62.99%、抗折强度7.44 MPa；浸渍时间12 h的 多孔陶瓷催化性能最佳，以其为载体负载钯基催化剂降解亚甲基蓝模拟废水，废水褪色时间9.31 h，较未负载前降解效率提升57.91%。由此证明，多孔陶瓷作为催化剂载体处理染料废水的可行性，并提供了理论借鉴和工艺参考。

Abstract:

A monolithic ceramic support with high porosity and mechanical strength was fabricated using construction waste and alumina as the main raw materials， aluminum fluoride and as a whisker catalyst， boron oxide as a sintering aid， and corn starch as a pore-forming agent. The influences of aluminum fluoride and boron oxide content on the crystalline phase， microstructure， open porosity， and flexural strength of the resulting porous ceramics were investigated. The optimal composition of porous ceramic supports was determined to be 40wt% construction waste， 44wt% alumina， 13wt% aluminum fluoride， and 3wt% boron oxide， as well as 10wt% pore-forming agent of above inorganic powders. The porous ceramic， sintered at 1 150 ℃ for 120 min exhibited the best performances， with an open porosity of 62.99% and a flexural strength of 7.44 MPa. Subsequently， Palladium catalyst was then loaded onto the porous ceramic support through an impregnation method. And the catalytic properties were evaluated using methylene blue as simulated wastewater. It was observed that the simulated wastewater of methylene blue was degraded after 9.3 h using porous ceramic catalyst with Palladium soaked for 12 h， representing a 57.91% improvement in degrading efficiency compared to the unloaded catalyst. These findings demonstrated the potential of porous ceramic support for wastewater treatment applications.