绿色表面活性剂喷雾降尘试验研究

Experimental Study of Green Surfactant Spray for Dust Control

摘要:

为提高城市喷雾降尘效率，通过对喷雾降尘用表面活性剂进行筛选，旨在寻求更为优越的性能。采用实验研究方法，测定了APG、AES、1 307、CAO-30、BS-12和APG-ET表面活性剂的表面张力和润湿性，发现阴离子表面活性剂和非离子表面活性剂的性能明显优于两性离子表面活性剂，以烷基糖苷（APG）为主，与筛选出的另外两种性能优良的表面活性剂异构十三醇聚氧乙烯醚（1 307）和烷基糖苷酒石酸酯盐（APG-ET）进行复配，测定复配表面活性剂的表面张力和润湿性。结果表明：APG、1307、APG-ET三元复配体系的性能最佳，在m（APG）∶m(1307)∶m（APG-ET）=6∶2∶2条件下，表面活性剂溶液质量浓度为0.1%时的表面张力可达23.13 mN?m^-1、粉尘的沉降时间为10 s；通过降尘试验研究了复配表面活性剂在不同浓度下对细颗粒物的去除能力，当复配表面活性剂质量浓度为0.1%时，对PM₁₀、PM_2.5和PM_1.0的去除率分别达到86.2%、84.5%、76.5%。降尘用表面活性剂的最优配方为m（APG）∶m(1307)∶m（APG-ET）=6∶2∶2，喷雾质量浓度为0.1%，该研究为提高城市喷雾降尘效果提供了参考。

Abstract:

To enhance the efficiency of urban dust suppression by spraying， this study conducted a systematic screening of surfactants used for spraying dust control， aiming to identify surfactants with superior performance. The surface tension and wettability of six types（APG，AES，1307，CAO-30，BS-12，APG-ET） of surfactants were examined by experimental methods. The results showed that the anionic and non-ionic surfactants exhibited significantly better performance compared to amphoteric surfactants. By primarily employing alkyl polyglucoside （APG） and blending it with the other selected surfactants with excellent performances： isomerized tridecyl alcohol polyethylene glycol ether （1307） and alkyl glucoside tartaric acid ester salt （APG-ET）， the surface tension and wetting properties of the composite surfactant were determined. The results demonstrated that the ternary compound of APG-1307-（APG-ET） exhibited the best performance. The surface tension was tested as 23.13 mN?m^-1 and the dust sedimentation time was 10 s when m（APG）： m（1307）： m（APG-ET） ratio was 6：2：2 and the mass concentration of the surfactant solution was 0.1%. Dust suppression experiments were conducted to study the removal efficiency of the composite surfactant at different concentrations for fine particulate matter. When the mass concentration was 0.1%， the surfactant solution achieved removal rates of 86.2%，84.5% and 76.5% for PM₁₀，PM_2.5 and PM_1.0，respectively. Therefore， the optimal formulation for dust suppression surfactant was determined as m（APG）： m（1307）： m（APG-ET） = 6：2：2， with a spray mass concentration of 0.1%. This study provides practical formula references for improving the effectiveness of urban dust suppression through spraying.