植物提取物缓蚀剂的研究进展

Recent Advances on Plant Extract-Based Corrosion Inhibitors

摘要:

金属腐蚀一直以来是科技与工程发展过程中无法回避的难题，在全球范围内造成了无法挽回的重大损失。为应对金属腐蚀，研究人员开发出了多种方案，其中缓蚀剂保护法是有效控制金属腐蚀的方案之一。在工业应用中，传统缓蚀剂一直占据着主导地位，其研发一直是研究人员关注的核心。然而，随着我国绿色发展的深入推进，传统型缓蚀剂对环境与人体健康的危害使其难以满足发展需求，低毒甚至无毒的植物提取物缓蚀剂成为研究重点与热点。近几十年来，植物提取物缓蚀剂已取得了初步研究成果，系统总结了缓蚀剂的机制和分类，解释了植物提取物缓蚀剂的作用机理，简述了其在酸、碱、中性服役环境中的研究进展，归纳了其发展中存在的不足，最后提出了相应的展望。

Abstract:

Corrosion remains an inevitable challenge in the development of technology and engineering， causing irreparable significant global losses. Researchers have also developed various solutions to mitigate metal corrosion， among which the corrosion inhibitor protection method stands out as an effective method. Traditional corrosion inhibitors have long held a dominant position in industrial applications and received significant for research and development. With the deepening of green development in China， traditional corrosion inhibitors that pose a threat to the environment and human health are becoming increasingly difficult to meet development needs. Low toxicity or even non-toxic plant extract corrosion inhibitors have gradually become a research focus and hotspot. In recent decades， preliminary research results have been achieved on plant extract corrosion inhibitors. This article systematically summarizes the mechanism and classification of corrosion inhibitors， explains the mechanism of action of plant extract corrosion inhibitors， outlines its research progress in acid， alkali， and neutral service environments， and summarizes the shortcomings and corresponding prospects in its development.