钠离子电池钒氧化物电极材料研究进展

Research Progress in Vanadium Oxide Electrode Materials for Sodium-Ion Batteries

摘要:

钠离子电池具有资源丰富、成本低廉的特点，是锂离子电池的潜在替代，并且在储能领域中展现出极大的发展潜力。为了实现高效、安全且具有商业可行性的钠离子电池，电极材料的开发与研究显得尤为关键。钒氧化物因拥有较大的理论容量和高工作电压，被认为是新一代钠离子电池电极材料中的有力竞争者。然而，由于其导电性较差，以及钠离子脱嵌过程中发生的体积变化较大，导致材料的电化学性能下降。以V₂O₅和VO₂为例，对其结构特征和储钠机理进行了综述，同时系统地总结了钒氧化物电极材料的电化学改性研究进展，包括纳米结构化、碳复合化、层间元素掺杂等。最后，对钒氧化物作为电极材料未来发展的方向进行了展望。

Abstract:

Sodium-ion batteries，emerging as a potential substitute for lithium-ion batteries，have garnered significant attention in the realm of energy storage owing to their abundant sodium resources and cost-effectiveness. The research and development of electrode materials are extremely important for achieving efficient，safe，and commercialized sodium-ion batteries. Vanadium oxides，characterized by substantial theoretical capacities and elevated operational voltages，stand out as strong candidates for the next-generation electrode materials in sodium-ion batteries. However，their electrochemical performance often deteriorates due to their inherent drawbacks such as inadequate electrical conductivity and considerable volume fluctuations during the Na⁺ insertion/extraction processes. This paper focuses on two prominent vanadium oxides，V₂O₅ and VO₂，and comprehensively elucidates their crystal structures and sodium storage mechanisms. Notably，recent advances in improving the electrochemical performance of vanadium oxide electrodes through strategies like nanostructure design，incorporation with conductive carbon materials，and interlayer doping are systematically summarized. Finally，a forward-looking perspective is presented on the potential trajectory of vanadium oxide as a pivotal player in future electrode material development.