在酸性环境中非贵金属析氧反应电催化剂现状及发展趋势

Status and Trends of Non-Precious Metal Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Evolution in Acidic Environments

摘要:

质子交换膜（PEM）电解水槽是最有前途的制氢技术之一，其阳极上发生的析氧反应（OER）的缓慢四电子过程决定了整体效率。因此，开发高活性且稳定的电催化剂用于酸性环境下的OER是一个长期的挑战。目前，PEM电解水槽中的阳极或电催化剂多使用贵金属铱、钌及其氧化物，它们不仅在强酸性条件下表现出较差的稳定性，而且成本较高、地壳储量低，极大地阻碍了其商业化应用。因此，在酸性介质下，开发活性高，稳定性良好，价格低廉的非贵金属OER电催化剂对PEM电解槽的大规模应用具有重要的意义。综述了当前常见的各种非贵金属电催化剂，包括过渡金属氧化物、碳基材料和其他类型化合物，并对各类催化剂的优缺点进行了讨论，并提出了酸性OER非贵金属电催化剂的未来发展方向。

Abstract:

Proton exchange membrane （PEM） water electrolysis cell is one of the most promising technologies for hydrogen production， in which the slow four-electron process of the oxygen evolution reaction （OER） occurring at the anode determines the overall efficiency. Therefore， developing electrocatalysts with high activity and stability for OER in acidic environments is a long-term challenge. At present， noble metals iridium， ruthenium and their oxides are mostly used as anodes or electrocatalysts in PEM water electrolysis cell. They not only show poor stability under strongly acid conditions， but also have high costs and low crustal reserves， greatly hindering their commercial application. Thus， it is of great significance to develop non-precious metal OER electrocatalysts with high activity， good stability and low costs in acidic medium for large-scale application of PEM electrolyzers. In this paper， various common non-noble metal electrocatalyst are summarized， including transition metal oxides， carbon-based materials， and other transition metal compounds. The advantages and disadvantages of all catalysts are discussed， and the future development of non-noble metal eletrocatalysts is proposed.