甲烷重整催化剂研究与进展

Research Progresses of Methane Reforming Catalysts

摘要:

作为天然气的主要成分，甲烷可以通过重整反应大规模制氢，还可以与固体氧化物燃料电池配合进行高效发电，大规模应用减碳效果显著，是实现我国双碳目标的重要技术保障。简述了甲烷水蒸气重整制氢的反应条件，分别从催化剂活性组分材料、载体材料、助剂材料的种类以及制备工艺等方面综述了甲烷重整催化剂的研究进展，并分析了提高重整催化剂性能的方法。研究发现选择金属Ni活性组并掺杂钙钛矿、尖晶石等载体和介孔类助剂的使用，可以有效提高活性元素的分散性、调控催化剂的酸碱度和电子结构，获得积碳少、甲烷转化率高的高性能重整催化剂。此外，合理的制备工艺和热处理条件也会显著提高催化剂活性元素的分散性与表面状态，使其重整性能获得进一步提高。

Abstract:

As a major component of natural gas， methane can be reformed to produce hydrogen on a large scale. Methane can also be used with solid oxide fuel cells for efficient power generation， which is an important technology to ensure the achievement of China's dual-carbon goal because of its significant carbon reduction effect in large-scale applications. The reaction mechanism of steam methane reforming to hydrogen is described. This review focuses on reviewing the research progress of methane reforming catalysts， specifically the active components， carriers， additives and preparation processes of the catalysts. The review also analyzes the methods used to improve the performance of reforming catalysts. It is found that the selection of metal Ni active group and doping with carriers such as chalcocite and spinel， as well as the use of mesoporous additives， can effectively improve the dispersion of active elements， regulate the acidity and electronic structure of the catalysts， and obtain high performance reforming catalysts with less carbon accumulation and high methane conversion rate. In addition， reasonable preparation process and heat treatment conditions can significantly improve the dispersion and surface state of the active elements， which can further improve the reforming performance.