航空航天用高强铝合金搅拌摩擦焊的研究现状与发展

Research Progress and Development of Friction Stir Welding of High Strength Aluminum Alloy for Aerospace Applications

摘要:

高强铝合金具有低密度、高比强度、高比刚度及优异的耐腐蚀性能，是航空航天领域中重要的结构材料。搅拌摩擦焊作为一种固相连接技术，能够克服高强铝合金熔焊时产生的焊接裂纹和气孔等焊接缺陷，在航空航天领域已展现出良好的应用前景。总结了搅拌摩擦焊接过程中焊缝材料流动特性，以及典型高强铝合金传统搅拌摩擦焊接头的特点，包括接头显微组织、力学性能和断裂行为，综述了近年来的4种新型搅拌摩擦焊工艺的研究进展及成果。最后，对高强铝合金搅拌摩擦焊未来的发展及工程应用进行了展望。

Abstract:

High-strength aluminum alloys are widely used in the aerospace industries due to their low density， high specific strength， high specific stiffness， and excellent corrosion resistance. Friction stir welding （FSW） is a solid-state joining technique， it can create high-quality welds without pores and cracking and is therefore very suitable for joining the high-strength aluminum alloys and has a good application prospect in the aerospace field. This paper reviews the research progress in the field of conventional friction stir welding and other new friction stir welding processes of high-strength aluminum alloys in recent years， which are reviewed from the aspects of material flow characteristics， joint microstructure， mechanical properties， and fracture behavior during friction stir welding and other new friction stir welding processes， so as to provide a reference for the future development and engineering application of friction stir welding of aluminum alloys.