不同分子结构分散剂的研究进展

Research Progress of Dispersants with Different Molecular Structures

摘要:

分散剂可以通过初级粒子的解絮凝来增加粒子在液体介质中的悬浮液的稳定性，具有能稳定和改善有机或无机材料的分散性能，广泛应用于食品、石油化工、生物医药等领域中。分散剂是一种既包含亲水又包含疏水结构的两亲性聚合物，其通过电荷排斥原理或聚合物空间位阻效应使固体或液体在不相容介质中稳定分散，确保分子中的亲水基和疏水基团充分发挥作用。当针对不同的应用领域进行高性能分散剂设计时，分子结构的设计尤为重要，其不仅影响颗粒表面的吸附，而且影响作用对象的分散稳定性。因此，大量的研究工作致力于开发新型化学结构的分散剂材料，最大化的稳定目标疏水颗粒的分散性能。通过对不同分子结构的分散剂研究的最新进展总结，归纳了不同分子结构的分散剂特点、机理及作用的对象，同时对分散剂的发展趋势进行了展望。

Abstract:

Dispersants can increase the stability of suspension of particles in liquid medium by deflocculating primary particles and improve the dispersion performance of organic or inorganic materials， which are widely used in various fields. The molecular structure of dispersant is an amphiphilic polymer containing both hydrophilic and hydrophobic structures. In its application， solid or liquid can be dispersed in incompatible media by a certain charge repulsion principle or polymer steric effects， so as to ensure that hydrophilic groups and hydrophobic groups in the molecule give full play to their functions. Therefore， when designing high-performance dispersants for different application fields， the molecular structure is particularly important， which is due to the fact that it not only affects the adsorption of particles， but also affects the dispersion stability of the target. Therefore， a great deal of research focuses on developing new chemical structure materials to maximize the dispersion performance of the target hydrophobic particles. In this paper， recent research progress on dispersants with different molecular structures is systematically reviewed. The characteristics， mechanisms and targets of dispersants with different molecular structures are briefly summarized， and the future development trend of dispersants is prospected.