含镁轻质高熵合金的研究进展

Research Status of Mg-Containing Lightweight High-Entropy Alloys

摘要:

镁被誉为21世纪绿色金属结构材料，在交通、航空等轻量化需求领域中具有广阔的应用前景。然而镁合金的绝对强度及塑性加工能力有限，极大程度地限制了镁合金的应用。近年来，由5种或5种以上等物质量比或近等物质量比金属形成的高熵合金具有高强度、高硬度、高耐磨性等优异性能，成为最具发展潜力的新材料之一。高熵合金的独特设计理念为镁合金的强度和塑性的综合提升提供了有效的借鉴。采用镁等低密度组元可显著降低高熵合金的密度，同时又兼具高熵合金的优异性能，如含镁轻质高熵合金Al₂₀Li₂₀Mg₁₀Sc₂₀Ti₃₀的密度仅有2.67g?cm^-3，但硬度可达5.9 GPa。对含镁轻质高熵合金的设计制备、微观组织及性能的研究进展进行了总结归纳，概括了当前研究中存在的问题，对含镁轻质高熵合金的未来进行了展望，旨在为含镁轻质高熵合金的研究提供一定的参考。

Abstract:

Magnesium is known as a green metal structural material in the 21st century， and has broad application prospects in the fields of lightweight requirements such as transportation and aviation. However， the absolute strength and plastic working ability of magnesium alloys are limited， which greatly hinders the application of magnesium alloys in the industrial field. In recent years， high-entropy alloys composed of five or more metals with equal or near-equivalent mass ratios have become one of the most promising new materials due to their excellent properties such as high strength， high hardness， and high wear resistance. Its unique design concept can effectively improve the strength and plasticity of magnesium alloys. Meanwhile， the use of low-density components such as magnesium can significantly reduce the density of high-entropy alloys， and have the excellent properties of high-entropy alloys， such as magnesium-containing light high-entropy alloys Al₂₀Li₂₀Mg₁₀Sc₂₀Ti₃₀， the density is only 2.67 g?cm^-3， but the hardness can reach 5.9 GPa. This paper summarizes the research progress of the design， preparation， microstructure， and properties of magnesium-containing light high-entropy alloys， generalizes the existing problems in current research， looks forward to the future of magnesium-containing light high-entropy alloys， and finally aims to provide some reference for the research of magnesium-containing light high-entropy alloys.