超声波在材料工程中的应用研究进展

Research Progress of Ultrasonic Technology in Materials Engineering Applications

摘要:

超声波是一种波长极短的机械波，基于其空化和共振等效应衍生开发的超声技术已应用于材料工程各个领域。介绍了超声波的作用原理，即空化效应和共振效应。空化气泡的形成、塌陷或消散会在气泡附近形成高温高压，同时生成巨大的冲击力和微射流，这种现象即超声波的“空化效应”。当材料受到和固有频率相同的超声波振动时，材料被激励形成共振现象，材料内部应力增加或释放，其结构便可能被破坏，这种现象即超声波的“共振效应”。详细总结了近年来超声波在材料制备、加工、检测及回收方面的部分应用，同时指出了超声波应用所临的问题，以及展望了超声波在材料工程中的应用前景。

Abstract:

Ultrasonic is a kind of mechanical wave with very short wavelength. The ultrasonic technology based on the effects of ultrasonic cavitation and resonance has been applied in various fields of material engineering. This review mainly summarized some applications of ultrasonic in material preparation， machining， characterization and recycling in the recent years. Moreover， the existing problems of ultrasonic applications were pointed out， and the future potential applications of ultrasonic in material engineering were prospected.