钙钛矿太阳能电池及其空穴传输研究综述

Perovskite Solar Cells and the Reasearch on Hole Transport Materials： A Review

摘要:

钙钛矿太阳能电池凭借其工艺简单、可卷对卷生产、成本低廉等优点，吸引了国内外研究学者的广泛关注，成为最受瞩目的新一代光伏器件。空穴传输材料作为钙钛矿太阳能电池中的重要组成部分，对载流子提取和传输及抑制载流子复合等方面起着关键作用。此外，在平面正置钙钛矿太阳能电池中，空穴传输层还可以有效阻隔金属电极中金属原子、空气中的水分子向钙钛矿层迁移，从而保护钙钛矿层，同时也有助于阻止钙钛矿材料中离子迁移，提高电池稳定性和降低铅泄露的风险。尽管已有学者报道出无空穴传输层的钙钛矿太阳能电池，但其光电转换效率远低于有空穴传输层的器件，这表明空穴传输材料对实现高效器件必不可少。主要介绍了钙钛矿太阳能电池的发展历程、工作机制及其空穴传输方面的研究进展，并对钙钛矿太阳能电池未来发展存在的问题和挑战进行了展望。随着研究的发展，钙钛矿太阳能电池的效率迅速提升，为未来太阳能电池的发展注入了新的活力。

Abstract:

In recent years， perovskite solar cells （PSCs） have become the most attractive technologies among many "challengers" of crystalline silicon solar cells， due to its low cost and simple fabrication process. The power conversion efficiency （PCE） of PSCs has even reached to 25.7% in 2021， which is competitive to crystalline silicon solar cells and is regarded as an important candidate for the next generation of photovoltaic devices. Hole transport materials （HTMs）， as an important part of PSCs， play a key role in extracting and transporting photo-generated holes from perovskites to contact electrodes and inhibiting carrier recombination. In addition， in planar n-i-p type PSCs， HTMs can also effectively block the migration of metal atoms from the electrode and moisture to protect the perovskite layer， as well as mitigate ionic migration from perovskite to metal electrodes and improve the device stability. Although PSCs without hole transport layer have been proposed， its PCE is much lower than those of devices with hole transport layers， indicating that hole transport materials are essential for realizing high-efficiency and stable devices. This paper mainly introduces the development history， working mechanisms and hole transport of perovskite solar cells. Besides， the encountered problems and challenges in the development of perovskite solar cells are proposed. With the development of research， the efficiency of perovskite solar cells will be significantly improved， which will provide more opportunities for the development of future solar cells.