钠金属电池中电解液优化策略进展

Recent Progress of Electrolyte Optimization Strategies in Sodium Metal Batteries

摘要:

钠金属电池与锂离子电池工作原理相似，具有高比容量（1166 mAh?g^-1）和低氧化还原电位（-2.71 V vs. SHE），同时钠元素储量丰富且价格远低于锂，所以有望替代锂离子电池成为最有前景的下一代储能电池。然而，钠金属电池中的钠负极枝晶生长失控及不稳定的固体电解液界面（SEI）层，限制其发展。从电解液工程优化角度出发，综述了近年来有关钠金属电池电解液优化策略对钠负极保护的研究进展，重点阐述了碳酸酯类电解液及醚类电解液的优化策略。同时，从基础研究和实际应用的角度出发，对钠金属电池电解液工程的发展进程和前景进行了总结及展望。

Abstract:

Sodium metal batteries present a similar working principle to lithium-ion batteries， with high specific capacity （1166 mAh?g^-1） and low redox potential （-2.71 V vs SHE）. Meanwhile， sodium is rich in reserves and the price is much lower than that of lithium， so it is expected to replace lithium-ion batteries as the most promising next-generation energy storage batteries. However， uncontrolled dendrite growth and unstable solid electrolyte interface （SEI） layer at the sodium anode in sodium metal batteries limit their development. Based on the perspective of electrolyte engineering optimization， this paper reviews the recent research progress of electrolyte optimization strategies for sodium metal batteries on the protection of sodium anodes， and emphasizes the optimization strategies of carbonate electrolytes and ether electrolytes. At the same time， from the perspective of basic research and practical application， the development process and prospects of electrolyte engineering for sodium metal batteries are summarized and prospected.