埃洛石纳米管的填充改性技术综述

Filling Technology of Halloysite Nanotubes

摘要:

纳米管的填充改性技术是制备高性能复合材料和功能材料的重要手段，利用埃洛石纳米管（HNTs）腔内的限域效应可以控制纳米填充物的形态、尺寸以及物理化学性质，从而赋予其特定的功能。近年来，人们发现金属颗粒、高分子链和小分子有机物可以进入HNTs管腔，进而通过多种物理化学方法发展了HNTs的填充改性技术。在研究HNTs结构性质的基础上，全面总结了HNTs的管内填充技术，概述了比较成熟的金属及其氧化物等纳米粒子填充HNTs管的方法，其中填充的物质主要包括金属单质Ru、Au、Ag、金属氧化物Fe₃O₄和Cu-Ni合金等，对填充中用到的改性剂或表面活性剂的种类和性质也进行了介绍，为HNTs填充技术的应用开发工作提供参考。同时，指出了HNTs管内填充改性技术的未来发展方向，主要包括如何精确控制管内粒子成分、形貌、尺寸和填充比例，以及如何满足不同应用场所对更多种类的管内填充物的需求。

Abstract:

Nanotube filling modification technology is an important means to prepare high-performance composite materials and functional materials. The space limiting effect of the halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) lumen can control the morphology, size and physicochemical properties of nanoparticles, thereby giving them specific functions. In recent years, it has been discovered that metal particles, polymer chains and small molecular organics can enter the lumen of HNTs, and the filling modification technology of HNTs has been developed through a variety of physical and chemical methods. On the basis of many years' researches on the structural properties of HNTs, this review paper comprehensively summarizes the tube filling technology of HNTs, and outlines the methods of filling tubes with metals, metal oxides, and alloys. Filled nanoparticles include pure metals, such as Ru, Au, Ag, metal oxides, such as Fe₃O₄ and metal alloy, such as Cu-Ni, etc. The types and properties of modifiers or surfactants used in filling are also introduced. The purpose of this paper is to provide some insights for the application and development of HNTs filling technology, and development direction of HNTs filling modification technology was also discussed. The future development of HNTs filling modification technology may include how to control the particle morphology, size and filling ratio and how to develop more types of nanoparticles according to the needs of different applications.