三种汽车用轻量化材料的研究进展

Research Progress on Three Kinds of Lightweight Materials for Vehicle Applications

摘要:

随着汽车制造行业，尤其是新能源汽车近几年的迅猛发展，汽车车身轻量化设计成为金属结构材料与工艺的热门研究领域。轻量化的目标不仅仅是对结构材料的低密度、高强度和高韧性的追求，同时对结构材料的高导热、高耐磨和低加工成本等多方面的要求也日益增长。介绍了金属及其复合材料在轻量化及功能化方面的研究进展，综述了镁锂合金、铝-碳（化物）复合材料及铸造铝硅合金材料的性能和制备新工艺，最后对新材料及工艺的发展需求进行了展望，以期对汽车轻量化的发展提供借鉴。

Abstract:

With the rapid development of the automobile manufacturing industry， especially new energy vehicles in recent years， the lightweight design of automobile bodies has become a popular research field of metallic structural materials and their processes. The goal of lightweighting is not only the pursuit of low density， high strength and high toughness of structural materials， but the requirements for high thermal conductivity， high wear resistance and low processing costs of structural materials are also increasing. In the present study， the research progress of metals and their composite materials in terms of lightweight and functionalization is introduced， the properties and new preparation processes of magnesium-lithium alloys， aluminum-carbon （compound） composite materials and cast aluminum-silicon alloy materials are reviewed， and finally the development needs of novel materials and their processes are prospected， in order to provide reference for the development of automobile lightweight.