碳基薄膜固液复合润滑研究现状

Current Status of Solid-Liquid Composite Lubrication of Carbon Films

摘要:

摩擦和磨损制约着机械系统的高可靠、长寿命服役，随着科学技术的快速发展，单一的固体或液体润滑系统已经无法满足工业应用中对机械部件的摩擦学性能要求．因此，研究人员对固液相复合润滑体系展开了大量研究，碳基薄膜因具有优异的摩擦学性能而常被用于组成固液复合润滑体系．对碳基薄膜固液复合润滑体系的研究进行了回顾，从碳基薄膜/油复合润滑、碳基薄膜/离子液体复合润滑、碳基薄膜/水复合润滑、碳基薄膜/润滑剂/纳米添加剂复合润滑，以及表面织构碳基薄膜和摩擦过程中生成碳材料的特殊碳基材料复合润滑六个体系对碳基薄膜固液复合润滑进行了综述．碳基薄膜/润滑油复合润滑无论是在大气还是在真空中都表现出优异的摩擦学性能，碳基薄膜/离子液体复合润滑对于提高在苛刻条件下服役的机械运动部件的摩擦学性能具有指导意义和广泛的应用前景．润滑添加剂的使用，可以在碳基薄膜/润滑油复合润滑体系的基础上进一步提高摩擦学性能，过渡金属氮化物/润滑油摩擦催化生成碳材料为进一步发现和发展不同的先进润滑和保护材料提供了前景．最后总结了目前研究领域中存在的一些问题，并对未来发展方向进行了展望．

Abstract:

Friction and wear restrict the high reliability and long service life of mechanical systems. With the rapid development of science and technology， a single solid or liquid lubrication system has been unable to meet the requirements of tribological properties of mechanical components in industrial applications. Therefore， researchers have carried out a lot of research on the solid-liquid composite lubrication system， and carbon-based film is often used to form the solid-liquid composite lubrication system because of its excellent tribological properties. In this paper， several common composite lubrication systems of carbon-based materials are reviewed， including carbon-based materials/oil composite lubrication， carbon-based materials/ionic liquid composite lubrication， carbon-based materials/water composite lubrication， carbon-based materials/lubricants/nano additives. Several other types of carbon-based thin films produced by the friction catalysis of solid-liquid composite lubrication are also introduced. Carbon-based film/lubricating oil composite lubrication has excellent tribological properties in both atmosphere and vacuum. Carbon-based film/ionic liquid composite lubrication has guided significance and broad application prospect for improving the tribological properties of mechanical moving parts in service under harsh conditions. The tribological properties can be further improved on the basis of carbon based film/lubricating oil composite lubrication system. The formation of carbon materials catalyzed by the friction of transition metal nitride/lubricating oil provides a prospect for the further discovery and development of different advanced lubricating and protective materials. Finally， some problems existing in the current research field are summarized， and the future development direction is prospected.