“三明治”结构复合材料的超高速撞击行为

Hypervelocity Impact Behaviors of Sandwich Structural Composites

摘要:

紧凑型“三明治”结构复合材料在航空航天领域中具有广泛的应用前景．设计了三种由软/硬材料组合而成的“三明治”结构复合材料，即TiB₂/2024+Al结构复合材料，2D-M40_f/5A06+Al结构复合材料和2D-M40_f+2D-Ti_f/5A06结构复合材料．利用二级轻气炮、光学显微镜（OM）、扫描电镜（SEM）等多种手段，系统地研究了这三种“三明治”结构复合材料薄靶在撞击速度为2.5 km/s及粒子直径为0.8~2.0 mm时的抗高速撞击能力、靶板宏观损伤特征，通过破坏特点各异的“三明治”结构复合材料的平均吸能能力评判抗高速撞击能力．结果表明，“三明治”结构复合材料抗高速撞击能力都比对应的单一材料的好，其最大吸能的高低顺序依次为TiB₂/2024+Al结构复合材料>2D-M40_f/5A06+Al结构复合材料>2D-M40_f+2D-Ti_f/5A06结构复合材料．

Abstract:

"Sandwich" structural composite materials have broad application prospects in the aerospace field. In this paper， several "sandwich" structural composite materials composed of soft/hard materials are designed： TiB₂/2024+Al structure， 2D-M40_f/5A06+Al structure， 2D-M40_f+2D-Ti_f/5A06 structure. The use of secondary light gas guns， optical microscope （OM）， scanning electron microscope （SEM）， transmission electron microscope （TEM） and other methods to systematically study these "sandwich" structure composite thin targets at a speed of 2.5 km/s ， The high-speed impact resistance and the macroscopic damage characteristics of the target plate when the particle diameter is 0.8-2.0 mm， and the average energy absorption performance is used to evaluate the high-speed impact resistance of the "sandwich" structure composites with different damage characteristics. The results show that the high-speed impact resistance of several "sandwich" composite materials is better than the corresponding composite materials， and the order of their protective performance is TiB₂/2024+Al structure， 2D-M40_f/5A06+Al structure， 2D-M40_f +2D-Ti_f/5A06 structure.